MEDIEVAL ERA
Allan bin Hassun, A Jewish merchant from Cairo
1. Courtesy University of Pennsylvania Libraries
2. Courtesy Tour Egypt
Al-Idrisi Map of the World, Arabian Peninsula
Public domain
Angkor Wat, Cambodia
1-2. Public domain, photographer unknown
3. Courtesy of China Daily
Arab Dhow
1-2. Courtesy of John Owens
3. Courtesy of Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.
Astrolabe
1. © Museum of the History of Science, London
2. © Museum of the History of Science, London
3. © National Maritime Museum, London
Austronesian Ships to Oceania
1. Courtesy of Adrian Horridge, “The Austronesians Conquest of the Sea – Upwind”, The Austronesians, 1995.
2. © Seven Oceans Video
Bananas
1. © Harold Bakker, University of Professional Education, Utrecht, the Netherlands
2. Courtesy of Watson, Andrew. Agricultural innovation in the early Islamic world, New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1983.
Batik
1-2. Courtesy of Living in India: A Site for Expatriates
Belitung Shipwreck
1-4. © Maritime Explorations, Singapore
Block Printed Indian Cotton to Egypt, 12th Century
1. © University of Oxford, Ashmolean Museum
Blue-and-White Porcelain
Public domain
The Book of India by Al-Biruni
1. Henry Davis Consulting, Ash Fork, AZ
2. Courtesy of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Borobudur
1. © ATMann, 2007
2. Courtesy of UNESCO World Heritage Centre
Calicut
1. Braun and Hogenberg, Civitates Orbis Terrarum, 1572
2. Public domain
Chinese Junk, Song Dynasty, 1271 CE
1. © Tycoon Systems Inc.
2-3. Vancouver Maritime Museum, British Columbia, Canada
Chittagong
Courtesy of San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD), Horace Mann Academic Middle School
Cirebon Shipwreck
1-2. Courtesy of Yvonne Tan, Asian Art Newspaper, May 2007
3. Public domain
Cloves
1. Courtesy of Mountview Homestay, Kerala, India
2. © Jugalbandi.info
Cobalt Dish from Basra, Iraq
© The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Coir - Coconut Rope
1-2. Courtesy of Joseph E. Armstrong, Illinois State University, Normal, IL
Cyclones
1. Courtesy of Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL
2. Public domain
Fa Hsien, Buddhist Traveler
1. Fa-hsien image on book cover, Fa-hsien: A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms
2. Original Map by James Legge, Fa-hsien: A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, 1886, Courtesy of The University of
Adelaide, Australia
Gil Eanes, Explorer
Courtesy of Pat Seed, Rice University, Houston, TX
Giraffe of Treasure Ships
Public domain, Original author Shen Du, 1414
Great Zimbabwe
1. Courtesy of Exploring Africa, Michigan State University, East Lansing
2. Courtesy of DK Images, London
3. © Galerie Ezakwantu
Guangzho (Canton), Port on S. China Sea, Sin-Kalan
1-3. © China Heritage Project, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies (RSPAS), The Australian National
University, Canberra
Gum Arabic
© Saudi Aramco World, Houston, TX
Gunpowder
Original artist, Moko Shurai Ekotoba, circa 1293, public domain
Huaisheng Mosque, Guangzhou, China
1-2. Photographers: Cherie Wendelken and You Huan Zhu, courtesy of Archnet
The History by Al-Ya'qubi
Courtesy of Hamed A. Ead, Cairo University, Egypt
Ibn Battuta in East Africa
Courtesy of San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD), Horace Mann Academic Middle School
Ibn Battuta in Morocco
Courtesy of San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD), Horace Mann Academic Middle School
Ibn Battuta in the Arabian Sea
Courtesy of San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD), Horace Mann Academic Middle School
Ibn Battuta in the Maldives
1. Courtesy of NASA
2. Public domain
Ibn Battuta on Chinese Ships
Public domain
Ibn Battuta on the Malabar Coast
1. Courtesy of Frances Pritchett, Columbia University
2. Courtesy of Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Le livres des Merveilles de Marco Polo
Incense Burner of Arabia
Public domain, photographer unknown
Indian Numerals to Arabic Numerals
1. Courtesy of Thakur Naveen Kotwall
2. Courtesy of John Esposito, original from Khawarizmi, Algebra
Indigo Dye Cakes
1. © Aurora Silk, Portland, OR
2. Courtesy of BBC, London
Island of Zanzibar
Courtesy of the Perry-Castañeda Library, The University of Texas at Austin
Ivory
1. Courtesy of BBC, London
2. © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Kadakkarapally Boat
1-2. Courtesy of Ralph K. Pederson
Kaolin Clay
1. © Tradeholding Inc.,
2. © FutuVision Media Ltd., Radio 86, London
Kedah, Bujang Valley Site
1-2. Public domain
Kilwa
Courtesy of Adriene Jenik and Hung Tu
Lateen Sail
1. Public domain, source unknown
2. © Marion Kaplan
Longitude and Latitude
Courtesy of Frances Pritchett, Columbia University
Madagascar
© Saudi Aramco World, Houston, TX
Magnetic Compass
Courtesy of Susan Silverman AC
Mangrove Poles
1. Public domain
2. Courtesy of Caterina Cotini
3. Courtesy of ML Allen-Crosby
Marco Polo
1. Courtesy of Regional Alliance for Information Networking (RAIN)
2. Courtesy of Barry Gutwein
Medieval Candy Recipe with Cane Sugar
Courtesy of Vital 1926 NV
Ming Voyages Stone Stele
Courtesy of Jeffrey Pilcher, University of Minnesota
Nutmeg and Mace
1. Public domain
2. © California Rare Fruit Growers
Origin of the Teapot
1. © Jonathon Stanley
2. © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
3. © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Papal Bull of 1454, Issued by Pope Nicholas V to Henry the Navigator
Paper
1. © The Curators of the University of Missouri
Pepper
1. Courtesy of Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Le livres des Merveilles de Marco Polo
2. Courtesy of Snark/Art Resource
Pilot Chart, Sulaiman ibn Ahmad al-Mahri (ca. 917 CE)
Polynesian Stick Maps
© Courtesy of ELEFA Handicrafts
Porcelain on Bagamoyo Pillar Tomb, Tanzania
Courtesy of Nader
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
© National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon
Quran - Surat al Quraysh
1. Courtesy of Nasser Rabbat, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Quran, Verses on Ships and Sailing
Courtesy of Humsafar.info
Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela
© The Itinerary of Benjamin Tudela, Translated by Marcus Nathan Adler, 1907
Rhino Horn
1. Courtesy of the Public Broadcasting System (PBS)
2. Courtesy of the Houston Zoo
Siraf, Home of Pearl Divers
1. Courtesy of Bibliothèque nationale de France from The Catalan Atlas, 14th Century
2. © Cultural Heritage News (CHN) Photo Agency
Sofala
Braun and Hogenberg, Civitates Orbis Terrarum, 1572
Sohar
1-2. Courtesy of UNESCO World Heritage Centre
South China Sea
© Encarta
Sri Vijaya Kingdom
Courtesy of Gutawan Kartapranata
The Stern Rudder for Steering Ships
1. Römisch-Germanisches Museum, Köln, Germany
2. Source Unknown
3. © Jenssen from Optusnet.com.au
The Strait of Malacca
© Courtesy of CIA FactBook
Tea
Courtesy of Jason Fasi
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
1-2. Courtesy of the Museu de Marinha (Maritime Museum), Lisbon, Portugal
3. © Matt Rosenberg and About.com
Wooden Ceiling of the Kaaba in Makkah
1-2. Courtesy of Hajjguide.org
Wootz Steel
1. Courtesy of Motoyasu Sword Forum Magazine
2. © Musèe du Louvre, Paris
Xian, Chinese Stele of 781
1. Frits Holm/Paul Caris, Ed.: The Nestorian Monument, 1909/Courtesy Daniel Waugh, Silk
Road Seattle.
2. Courtesy of ChinaTravelDepot.com
Yemeni Ikat Shawl
1. © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
2. Courtesy of the University of Melbourne Special Collections, Australia
Zheng He, First Expedition (1405-1407)
1. Courtesy of China.org.cn
2. Photographer: Lars Ploughman, on display at China Court of the Ibn Battuta Mall in Dubai, UAE
Zheng He (Third and Fourth Ming Expeditions)
1. © Cheng Ho Cultural Museum, Malacca, Malaysia
2. Braun and Hogenberg, Civitates Orbis Terrarum, 1572
Zheng He (Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Ming Expeditions)
1. © W.W. Norton and Co.
2. © China Heritage Project, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies (RSPAS), The Australian National
University, Canberra